How are IP Packets Routed on a Local Area Network
IP Packet Delivery on a Local Area Network is a fundamental concept that all system and network administrators should have a clear understanding of. How do computers decide where to …
What are Private IP Addresses?
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved certain IP addresses ranges as private addresses for use within a local area network (LAN). These IP ranges follow the standards set …
Introduction to IP Addressing
An IPv4 address is used to uniquely identify a host on a TCP/IP network. An IPv4 address is made up of a 32-bit number, which is expressed in four octets. …
What is DHCP?
IP Networks use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) to dynamically assign an IP address whenever a TCP host connects to the local area network. The …
Introduction to Remote Access
The traditional corporate network is no longer implemented as a simple local area network (LAN) made up of desktops plugged into a wired infrastructure. While the majority of nodes still …
What are Split-Brain, Split-Horizon are Split-DNS
Split-Brain DNS, Split-Horizon DNS, or Split DNS are terms used to describe when two zones for the same domain are created, one to be used by the internal network, the …
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
The Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) is a Microsoft implementation of the NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS computer names. WINS provides a central mapping …
What is a Network Router?
A router is a hardware or software that forwards packets based on IP address information in the packets that it receives. It is most common to route packets based on …
Network Cabling
On a local area network (LAN), network devices will traditionally connect to each other using some type of cabling. Even on LANs that have a wireless segment, the access points …
Using PING to Test for Network Connectivity
The PING command can be a quick and easy tool to use to test for network connectivity issues. You should first determine if your local TCP/IP settings are correct before …
OSI: Layer 2 – Data Link
The data link layer is the second layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model. The data link layer responds to requests from the network layer above it and issues …
OSI: Layer 4 – Transport
The transport layer is the fourth layer (layer 4) of the seven-layer OSI model. The transport layer provides end-to-end communication services for applications. Layer 4 takes care of assembling and …